Cultivation of Onion
The onion is one of the most important
commercial vegetable crops grown in India: The demand for onion is worldwide.
It is used both in raw and mature bulb stage as vegetable and spices.
The bulb of onion consists of swollen
bases of green foliage leaves and fleshy scales. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, A.P.,
Bihar and Punjab are the important onion producing states.
Soil and its Preparation:
Onion can be grown on various soils. But
sandy loam, silly loam and deep friable soils are best suited for onion crop.
The land is prepared by giving 5-6 ploughings.
Seed rate & Time of Sowing:
In onion 10 to 12 kg seeds require/ha. For
kharif it is sown in June & for rabi sown in October-November.
Manures & Fertilizers:
25 to 30 cart loads of well rotten FYM
or compost applied at the time soil preparation per hectare.
Harvesting, Curing, Yield and
Storage:
Follow harvesting of onion bulbs at
right stage of maturity. It is important in deciding storage life of onion as
bulbs may be stored for about six months.
The onion bulbs, reach maturity when the
plants cease to produce new leaves and roots. In onion, neck fall is the
indication of maturity. Time of harvesting depends on several factors tike
planting season, cultivar, market price and condition of the crop.
In general, when about 50 percent neck
fall is seen crop is harvested. Onion for storage should be fully developed.
Thick-neck bulbs which result due to premature harvesting do not store well.
Late harvesting leads to increased
respiration, subsequent susceptibility to diseases and excessive sprouting
during prolonged storage and left in field sunburn is also noticed. Bulbs are
harvested by hand pulling if soil is light; they are also harvested by hand
implements.
THANK YOU,
NANDITHA AKUNURI,
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