A TREAT FOR MOSQUITOES-TEXT

 A TREAT FOR MOSQUITOES

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

CBSE-V

Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies which comprise the family Culicidae. Females of most species are ectoparasites, whose tube-like mouthparts pierce the hosts' skin to consume blood. The word "mosquito" is Spanish for "little fly".

Mosquitoes have six legs.  They also have a head, thorax and abdomen.   Mosquitoes can't fly very far or very fast. 

The Anophelesis a malaria carrier, and the other two are known to spread various forms of encephalitis. Only female mosquitoes bite and suck the blood.  

Both male and female feed mainly on fruit and plant nectar, but the female also needs the protein in blood to help her eggs develop. Once she's had her fill of blood, she'll rest for a couple of days before laying her eggs.

Male mosquitoes indentify  females mosquitioes  by the sound of their wings.  Females can beat their wings up to 500 times per second.

Mosquitoes can smell human breatha. They have receptors on their antennae that detect the carbon dioxide released when we exhale. There are more than 3,500 species of  mosquitoes. 

 Malaria is caused by a parasite that lives in mosquitoes.  The parasite gets into mosquito saliva and is passed on when the insect bites someone. Mosquitoes are considered the deadliest “animal” in the world.  

The Anopheles mosquito, in particular, is dangerous because it transmits malaria, which kills more than one million people every year, primarily in Africa.

Blood test:

Rajat is back at school today. He had been absent for many days. “How are you now?” asked Aarti. “I’m alright,” Rajat replied softy.

Jaskirat: You must have played a lot while you were at home.

Rajat : Who wants to play when you have fever! On top of it I had to take a bitter medicine! I even had a blood test.

Jaskirat: A blood test? Why? It must have been very painful.

Rajat: Actually, when the needle pricked my finger, it felt like an ant bite. They took 2-3 drops of blood, and sent it for testing. That’s how we came to know that I had malaria.

Nancy: But you get malaria when a mosquito bites you.

Rajat: Yes, but we find out by the blood test.

Jaskirat: There are a lot of mosquitoes in my house these days, but I did not get malaria.

Nancy: Who says that every mosquito bite causes malaria? Malaria spreads only by the disease carrying mosquitoes.

Aarti: All mosquitoes look the same to me.

Rajat: There must be some difference.

Dr Maryam looking at the blood slide under the microscope. This miscroscope makes things look thousand times bigger. The details inside the blood can be seen clearly. There are some miscroscopes which make things look even more bigger  than this one.

Nancy: Did they take the blood from the place where the mosquito

had bitten you?

Rajat: Of course not! How do I know when and where the mosquito bit me?

Nancy: But how could they find out that you had malaria by your blood test? Do you think they could see something in the blood?

Medicine for Malaria

From early times, the dried and powdered bark of the Cinchona tree was used to make a medicine for malaria. Earlier people used to boil the bark powder and strain the water which was given to patients. Now tablets are made from this.

Anaemia–What’s that?

Aarti: You know, I also had to get a blood test done. But they took

a syringe full of blood. The blood test showed that I had anaemia.

Rajat: What is that?

Aarti: The doctor said that there is less ‘haemoglobin’ or iron in the blood. The doctor gave some medicines to give me strength. He also said that I should eat jaggery, amla and more green leafy vegetables, because these have iron.

Nancy: How can there be iron in our blood?

Jaskirat: There was something about this in the newspaper

yesterday.

Rajat (laughing) : So then you ate iron or what?!

Aarti: Silly! This is not the iron used to make these keys. I don’t know exactly what it was. After I ate a lot of vegetables and whatever the doctor had said, my haemoglobin went up.

Anaemia common in Delhi school -17 November, 2007 – Thousands of children studying in the Municipal Corporation schools in Delhi suffer from anaemia. This is affecting both their physical as well as mental health.

Due to anaemia, children do not grow well, and their energy levels are low. This also affects their ability to study properly. Now health check ups are being done in the schools and health cards are being made for all the children. Anaemic children are also being given iron tablets.

Baby mosquitoes

Jaskirat: There is a poster on malaria just outside our class.

Rajat: The poster says something about larvae. What are those?

Nancy: They are baby mosquitoes. But they don’t look like mosquitoes at all.

Aarti: Where did you see them?

Nancy: There was an old pot lying behind our house. It was full of water for some days. When I looked there I saw some tiny thread-like grey things swimming. I was surprised when Mummy told me that these had come out of the eggs which mosquitoes lay in water. They are called larvae. I also heard something about this on the radio.

Rajat: What did you do?

Nancy: Papa immediately threw away the water. He cleaned and dried the pot and kept it upside down, so that no water would collect.

Jaskirat: Shazia aunty told me that even flies spread diseases, especially stomach problems.

Rajat: But flies don’t bite. Then how do they spread diseases?

Survey report Some children did this survey. Here are some of their reports  We found something green around the taps in our school which is called algae. It was also slippery there. The algae spreads a lot during the rainy season. We think that they are some kind of small plants that grow in water.

There is a pond near the school. At first you cannot see the water in the pond as it is completely covered with plants. One aunty told us that t h e s e p l a n t s have grown themselves in water.

Around the pond there are pits full of water. We also saw some larvae in the water. As we moved around, lots of mosquitoes flew from the plants growing around. Jaskirat feels that there are so many mosquitoes in her house because of this dirty pond nearby.

A scientist peeps into a mosquito’s stomach

This interesting incident took place almost a hundred years ago. A

scientist found out that mosquitoes spread malaria. Let's read about

this discovery in his own words.

“My father was a general in the Indian Army. I studied to become a

doctor, but what I really liked was reading stories, writing poetry, music

Ronald Ross and drama. In my free time I enjoyed doing all this.

In those days, thousands of people used to die from a disease that we now call malaria. The disease was found in areas where there was a lot of rain, or in swampy places.

People thought that the illness was caused by some poisonous gas that came from the dirty swampy areas. They gave it the name 'malaria' which means 'bad air'.

One doctor had seen tiny germs in the blood of one of the patients, when he observed it under a microscope. But he could not understand how these had got into the patient’s blood.

My professor had some ideas about this. “I think that these may be carried by some kind of mosquito.” As his student, I spent all my time chasing mosquitoes, to catch and observe. We used to carry empty bottles and chase mosquito after mosquito.

Then we would put the mosquitoes into a mosquito net in which there was a patient of malaria. The mosquitoes would have a feast, biting these patients.

The patients were paid one anna for allowing one mosquitoe to bite them. I will always remember those days at the hospital in Secundrabad – how we used to cut open the mosquito’s stomach and peep into it.

I would spend hours and hours bent over the microscope. By night my neck would be stiff and my eyes could not see clearly! It used to be very hot but we dared not fan ourselves, as all the mosquitoes would fly off in the breeze! Once I also fell ill with malaria.

I spent months like this with the microscope, but could not find anything. One day we caught a few mosquitoes that looked different. They were brownish with spotted wings.

When I looked into the stomach of one of the female mosquitoes, I saw something black there. I looked closer. I saw that these tiny germs looked just like the ones that were found in the blood of malaria patients.

At last we had the proof! Mosquitoes did spread malaria!” In December 1902, Ronald Ross got the highest award for his discovery—the Nobel Prize for medicine. In 1905, even as he lay dying, Ross’s last words were, “I will find something, I will find something new.”

THANKYOU,

NANDITHA AKUNURI

EVER DROP COUNT-TEXT

EVER DROP COUNT

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

CBSE-V

Long Long Ago:

This is a picture of Ghadsisar. Sar means a lake. King Ghadsi of Jaisalmer got it made 650 years ago with the help of the people.

All around the lake there are ghats with steps leading to the water, decorated verandahs, large halls, rooms and much more. People came here to celebrate festivals and for programmes of music and dance.

Children came to study in the school on the ghat. The talab belonged to everyone and everyone took care to keep it clean.

Rainwater collected in this lake spread over many miles. It was made in such a way that when the lake was full, the extra water flowed into another lake at a lower level.

When that too filled up, the extra water flowed into the third lake and so on  filling nine such interconnected lakes. The collected rain water could be used throughout the year and there was no shortage of water.

Today, Ghadsisar is no more in use. Many new buildings and colonies have come up in between those nine lakes. Now the water does not get collected in these lakes but just flows away and is wasted.

Through the eyes of Al-Biruni :

One of the most famous of the historic accounts of India is that written in Arabic by al-Biruni nearly a thousand years ago. 

Al-Biruni is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed  in   physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural science, and also distinguished himself as a chronologist, historian, and linguistic.

He spent a large part of his life time in  ghazni in modern-day Afghanistan and the capital city of the   ghaznavid dynasty.which was based in what is now central-eastern Afghanistan.

In 1017 he traveled to the Indian subcontinent and authored “Tarikh Al-Hind” -History of India,  after exploring the Hindu faith practised in India. He is given the titles the "founder of indology ".

More than a thousand years ago, a traveller came to India.The place that he came from is now called Uzbekistan.

Al-Biruni carefully observed and noted down the details of all that he saw. He wrote especially about those things that he found very different from his own country. Here is a part of what he wrote about the ponds of that time. The people here are very skilled at making ponds. My countrymen would be surprised to see them. They pile up huge

rocks and join them with iron rods to build chabutaras (raised platforms) all around the lake. Between these, there are rows of long staircases, going up and down.

The steps for going up and coming down are separate. So there is less crowding. Today when we study history, we can learn a lot about those days from the writings of Al-Biruni. (This stamp came out in 1973, one

thousand years after his birth.)

Drop-by-drop:

Jaipur is the capital and largest city of the state of Rajasthan, India. Jaipur became the capital of Rajasthan after Independence in 1956.

Jaipur is currently experiencing growing water scarcity and diminishing drinking water sources, relying extensively on groundwater and a single surface water source, the Bisalpur Dam, which is shared with Ajmer and villages in the Tonk District and located 120 kilometers southwest of Jaipur.

Scorching heat coupled with water crisis has made life very difficult for people in Rajasthan. In at least 24 many cities and towns of the state including Barmer, Jalore, Makrana, Rajgarh, Balotra water is being supplied only once in four days.

Camels are being used to pull water tankers instead of ferrying people. At every boring well in the state rows of camels with water tanks are seen.

Besides Jaisalmer, many places in Rajasthan, get very little rainfall. Here it rains for only ten to twelve days in the entire year, sometimes not even that much. The rivers here do not have water in them all round the year.

And yet, most of the villages in these areas did not have a shortage of water. People knew that every drop of water was precious. Lakes and johads were made to collect these precious drops of water.

Water was everyone’s need. One and all came together in this work – be it a businessman or a labourer. Some water from the lakes soaked into the ground and reached the wells and bavdis

(stepwell) in that area.

The soil of the area also became wet and fertile. Every house had a system to collect the rain water. Look at this picture.

How do you think the rainwater that falls on the roof will reach the

underground tank?

Draw the path:

Have you ever seen a stepwell? Look at the picture. Can you imagine by looking at the picture that the steps go down several storeys deep?

Instead of drawing the water up from the well, the people could go down the steps and reach the water. That is why they are called stepwells.

Long ago, people used to make long journeys with their caravans of animals and goods. People felt it was a good thing to give water to thirsty travellers. Thus, they built many beautiful stepwells.

Customs related to water:

Even today people get water from very old lakes, dharas, stepwells and naulas. Many customs and festivals are related to water.

At some places, whenever lakes get filled up with rainwater, the people

gather around the lake to celebrate.

See the bride of Uttarakhand in this picture. After getting married she has come to the new village. She bows to the spring or the pond. In cities

one can see an interesting form of this custom.

The new bride worships the tap in her home. Can we even imagine life

without water? Devraj

Think over it:

In 1986, there was no rain in Jodhpur and the surrounding areas. People remembered the old and forgotten stepwell (baoli). They cleaned the stepwell and more than two hundred trucks of garbage was taken out of it. People of the area collected money.

The thirsty town got water from the stepwell. After a few years it rained well and again the stepwell was forgotten.

There are two old wells in the area where Punita lives. Her grandmother says that about fifteen - twenty years ago there was water in these wells. The wells could have dried up because:

Water is being pumped up from under the ground, with the help of electric motors.

The lakes in which rain water used to collect are no longer there. The soil around trees and parks is now covered with cement.

This is how we get water:

A Jal Board water tanker comes to our colony twice a day. We have to stand in a long queue to get water from the tanker. People at times We fill water from the well.

The nearby well dried up a year ago. Now we have to walk far to reach the other well.

We are not allowed to take water from some of the wells because of our caste. have fights over water. We get water at home for half an hour. We fill this in the tank to use all day. Sometime it is dirty.

We get water from our taps, all day long.

We have put a pump directly in the Jal Board pipeline. Now we don't have any problem! We have put a motor to pump up the water from the borewell. But there is no electricity, so what do we do!

There is a handpump nearby, but the water that we get from it is salty. We have to buy water for drinking.

We get water from the canal itself.

It can be done:

There are some groups that work hard to bring water to the people of different areas. They ask the elders about the water arrangement in their times.

They rebuild the old lakes and johads, and also build new ones. Let us see how the group called Tarun Bharat Sangh helped Darki Mai. This is Darki Mai. She lives in a village in the Alwar district of

Rajasthan.

The women of the village used to spend the entire day looking after their home and animals. Sometimes, it took them all night to pull water from the well for the animals. In the summer, when the wells dried up, they had to leave the village.

Darki Mai heard about this group and asked for help. Together, the people from the group and the village decided to make a lake. The problem of food and water for animals is now less. People get more milk. They have started earning more.

THANKYOU,

NANDITHA AKUNURI

MANGOES AROUND THE YEAR-TEXT

MANGOES AROUND THE YEAR

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 

CBSE-V

Children in this lesson we are going to learn about Spoilage and wastage of food,preservation of food(drying and pickling).

Food spoilage means the original nutritional value, texture, flavour of the food are damaged, the food become harmful to people and unsuitable to eat.

There are three types of microorganisms that cause food spoilage -- yeasts, moulds and bacteria. 

yeasts and moulds can thrive in high acid foods like fruit, tomatoes, jams, jellies and pickles.

Bacteria are round, rod or spiral shaped microorganisms. Bacteria may grow under a wide variety of conditions. There are many types of bacteria that cause spoilage.

Fungal Spoilage: Blue mould rot in tomato caused by Penicilliumi spp,

Watery soft rot in apple caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Bacterial Spoilage: Soft rot in tomato caused by Erwinia carotovora.

Enzymes:

Enzymes are proteins found in all plants and animals. If uncooked foods are not used while fresh, enzymes cause undesirable changes in colour, texture and flavour. Enzymes are destroyed easily by heat processing.

Oxidation by air:

Atmospheric oxygen can react with some food components which may cause rancidity or color changes.

Microorganisms, specifically bacteria, molds, and yeasts, can cause food to spoil. For example, microorganisms that break down fats in unsalted butter can cause it to become rancid. Bacteria that breaks down protein in meat (proteolytic bacteria) and results in foul odors.

Biji returned the bread:

Aman’s Biji went to the market to buy bread. The shop was very crowded. The shopkeeper picked up a packet of bread and gave it to Biji. She looked at it and returned it immediately.

How does food get spoilt?

The whole class can do this experiment together. Take a piece of bread or roti. Sprinkle a few drops of water on it, and put it in a box. Close the box. See the bread or roti everyday until you find some changes on it.

Make this table on a chart paper and put it up in the classroom. Fill up the chart every day after discussing the changes seen.

So children the fod gets spoiled easily.bacteria and fungi grow well at room temperature in the presence of moisture. Cereals and pluses do not get spoiles easily as there is no moisture in them.

Spolit food it unfit for consumption. It taste bad and can causes disease.

Therefore, it has to be prevented from spoilage. This prevention is termed as preservation.

PRESERVATION OF FOOD:

Food can be presrved by the following methods. We can stored food by this following five methods.

1. Cooling Or Refrigeration

2. Jellying

3. Pickling

4. Drying Or Dehydration

5. Tetra packing

6. Canning

1. Cooling Or Refrigeration: food spoiling bacteria do not grow in cold temperature. So, this is a common way of preservation.

2. Jellying: fruits like strawberries, mangoes and pine apples are preserved by this method. The fruit pulp is a boiled in sugar syrup. Sugar acts as a preservative. Jams and fruits are preserved in this way.

3. Pickling: seasonal fruits like mangoes, lime, amla and garlic are preserved by pickling. For this we add `salt, vinegar and oil are used as preservatives in pickles.

4. Drying Or Dehydration: the food can also be preserved by drying in the stem. Spices like chillies and ginger, papadas and food grains are preserved by drying in the sun. Dry means removing the moisture content of the food which promotes the growth of bacteria.

5.Tertra packing : this method is similar to canning but is used for liquids. Here, the food is heated to very high temperature and then packed in terapacks .

Ex: milk, juice, oil, and ghee are stored in this way.

6. Canning: in this process the food is heated temperature to kill the food spoiling bacteria and then stored in air tight cans or bottles.

Food preserved helps in preventing wastage of food from the spoiling. It also helps us to store food and use it when it required whole the year. All preserved foods have a shelf life. While buying and using preserved food, we should check the expiry date mentioned at the label of the product.

Summer treat – Mamidi tandra:

Chittibabu and Chinnababu live in Atreyapuram town in Andhra Pradesh. The brothers spend the summer holidays playing in the mango garden, when the trees are full of fruits. They also like to eat unripe mangoes with salt and chilly powder.

At home, their mother cooks unripe mangoes in different ways. She also makes many kinds of mango pickles. The pickles last through the year until the next mango season. One evening, while having food Chinnababu asked, “Amma, we have so many mangoes. Make some mamidi tandra (aam papad) from them.”

Their father said, “Making mamidi tandra needs four weeks of hardwork. If you both promise to help us everyday for the next four weeks, we can together make the mamidi tandra.”

Both the brothers quickly agreed to help. The next day both the children went to the market with their father. They bought a mat woven from the leaves of a palm tree, poles of casuarinas tree, string made of coconut husk, some jaggery and sugar. Amma found a sunny place in the backyard. Both the brothers made a high platform by using poles. They spread out and tied the mat on that platform.

The next day, Appa chose the most ripe mangoes.  They took out the mango pulp into a large pot. Then they strained the pulp through a fine muslin cloth, to remove the fibres from the pulp.

Then Chittibabu crushed the gur (jaggery) till there were no lumps. They added the jaggery and sugar in equal amountsto the pulp.

Chinnababu mixed the jaggery and sugar well with a big spoon. Amma then spread this pulp into a thin layer over the mat. The thin layer was left to dry in the sun. In the evening, they covered the mat with a clean saree to avoid any dust.

The next day they again took out some mango pulp. They added jaggery and sugar into the pulp. Then they spread the pulp over the previous day’s layer. This work was given to both the brothers. Both of them together spread many layers over it.

For the next four weeks they hoped that it would not rain. For four weeks, they added layer after layer until the jelly grew four centimetres thick and looked like a golden cake.

After some days Amma said, “The mamidi tandra is ready, we can

take it out and cut it into pieces tomorrow.” The next day, the mat was brought down from the platform.

Mamidi tandra was cut into smaller pieces. The brothers tasted it. It was tasty. Chhinnababu said, “Wow, how tasty! After all we have also helped in making it.”

THANKYOU,

NANDITHA AKUNURI

SUNITA IN SPACE- TEXT

SUNITA IN SPACE

ENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES

CLASS-V

CBSE

Childen we going to learn about great Sunita " Williams. She was  Born September 19, 1965. She is an American  astronaut and united states navyofficer of Indian-Slovenian descent.

Straight from the heart -What do you think the earth looks like? Make a drawing of the earth in your notebook. On your drawing show where you are. Take a look at your friends’ drawings too.

What is our earth really like?

Uzaira and Shahmir are playing with the globe. While they play they are talking to each other.

Uzaira: Do you know that Sunita Williams is visiting our school tomorrow? I have heard that she has spent more than six months in space.

Shahmir: (looking at the globe) Hmm... look here is America, Africa. Hey, where is space? Uzaira: The sky, stars, sun and moon, they are all in space.

Shahmir: Yes, I know. Sunita Williams went in a spaceship. I saw on TV that she could see the earth from there.

Uzaira: Yes, from there the earth looked like this globe.

Shahmir: If our earth looks like this globe, then where are we?

Uzaira takes a pen and places it on the globe.

Uzaira : Here we are. This is India.

Shahmir: If we were here like this, we would all fall off. I think

we must be inside the globe.

Uzaira: If we are inside, then where is the sky, the sun, the moon and the stars? We must be on the globe. And all the seas and oceans must also be on the globe.

Shahmir: (pointing towards the lower part of the globe) You mean

to say that no one stays here?

Uzaira: People live here too. Brazil and Argentina are here.

Shahmir: Are the people there standing upside down? Why don't

 these people fall off?

Uzaira: Yes, it looks strange, isn’t it? And this blue part must be the sea. Why doesn’t the sea water fall off?

If the earth is round like a globe, how is it that we do not fall off?

Do the people in Argentina stand upside down?

Talking with Sunita

When Sunita Williams came to India, thousands of children like Uzaira and Shahmir got a chance to meet her.

 

Sunitasays that her friend Kalpana Chawla wanted to come to India and meet children. She came to India to fulfil Kalpana’s dream.

Sunita’s experiences of living in space! We could not sit at one place. We kept floating in the spaceship from one end to another.

Water too doesn’t stay at one place. It floats around as blobs. To wash our face or hands we had to catch these blobs and wet paper with them. 

We ate very differently there. The real fun was when all of us would float into the dining area of the spaceship and catch the floating food packets!

 In space there was no need to use a comb. My hair kept standing

all the time! Not being able to walk, we had to get used to floating around.

We had to learn to do simple things differently. To stay at one place, we had to strap ourselves there. Papers also had to be stuck to the wall of the spaceship. It was a lot of fun living in space but it was also difficult.

Isn’t it amazing?

Sunita Williams went 360 kilometres away from the earth, in the spaceship. Think how far this would be! Find out which town or city is located about 360 kilometres away from where you live. This is how far Sunita Williams went away from the earth.

Where are the lines, really!

Sunitadescribes her view of the earth from the spaceship: “The earth looks so beautiful and amazing. We could watch it for hours, from the window of the spaceship.

We could clearly see the curved shape of the earth.”Sunita’s experiences have been used to give to children a sense of the earth’s gravity.

 Actually, in the spaceship Sunita did not experience the pull of the earth because the spaceship was revolving around the earth.

When Sunita saw the earth from space she found the earth very beautiful. Many thoughts came to her mind. As she describes it, “From so far away, one can only make out the land and the sea.

Look at this photograph of the earth, taken from a spaceship. From such photographs today we know what the earth looks like. But thousands of years ago, people could only imagine what the earth looked like. Scientists tried hard to find out - how big is the earth, how does it go around?

Uzaira: See, there are lines between the different countries on this globe. Are such lines also there on the earth?

Shahmir: There must be. They are there on the map of India in this book. See, there are lines between the different states too.

Uzaira and Shahmir are looking at different countries on the globe.

Uzaira: If we go from Delhi to Rajasthan, would we find such lines made on the ground?

Shahmir: He closes one eye and moves the coin back and forth while looking at the moon. Look, I can hide the moon behind this coin.

Uzaira: Wow! Imagine hiding such a big moon behind such a small coin. Why don’t you try to do the same with a coin. How many centimetres away from the eye did you keep the coin to hide the moon.

Shahmir thinks that there are lines drawn on the ground between the states. What do you think-

Lines refer to “parallels and meridians”. Distances refer to “latitudes and longitudes”

One cannot see the different countries. Division into countries has been done by us. All the lines on the maps are made by us, they are in our minds. I wish we all think about this. Where are the lines, really?”

Have you ever looked carefully at the sky at night? Do not the

twinkling stars look magical! And sometimes the moon is silvery and

bright, while sometimes it is nowhere to be seen in the black sky.

An interesting photograph!

Aspaceship went to the moon. This photograph of the earth was clicked

from the surface of the moon. See how the earth is looking. Can

you see the surface of the moon.

Sunita was five years old she saw pictures of Neil Armstrong landing on

the moon. In 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. Like any other child, Sunita was also fascinated.

Sunita says that when she was a young girl she really loved sports, especially swimming. She was never too interested in studies. After high school Sunitawanted to become a diver. But she could not get into that course.

 Instead, she became a helicopter pilot. One day she found out that if she studied and trained for it, she could join the Space Mission. And that is what she did!

In 2007 Sunita Williams set a new record for the longest space flight by a woman. Sunitaoften gives her own example to tell children, “If you want something, but you get something else, do not give up. Do your best, and things will work out!”

When Sunita was asked by a child what would she like to do in the future, she answered, “I want to become a school teacher!” So that she could make children understand how science and maths are closely linked to our lives.

THANKYOU,

NANDITHA

REFERENCE BOOKS

1.Antariksh Pari : Sunita Williams