COMPONENTS OF FOOD-TEXT

COMPONENTS OFFOOD

ENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES

CBSE-VI

All of us want to live a healthy life.

We know that “Health is Wealth”. A healthy mind dwells only in a healthy body. Most of our food is made of these things. We get  food from plants and animals.

Depending on what grows easily at which place, different things are eaten at different places. We not only eat different things but we also use the same things to prepare a variety of food items.

Sometimes, we may not really have all this variety in our meals. If we are travelling, we may eat whatever is available on the way. It may not be possible for some of us, to eat such a variety of items, most of the time.

Let us talk about those things that we do eat. Put on the things that you eat often. rice ,wheat ,barley oats, maize millet kappa (tapioca) ragi.

WHAT DO DIFFERENT FOOD ITEMS CONTAIN?

We know that each dish is usually made up of one or more ingredients, which we get from plants or animals.

These ingredients contain some components that are needed by our body. These components are called nutrients.

The major nutrients in our food are named carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. In addition, food contains dietary fibres and water which are also needed by our body.

What is the real purpose of eating food?

Is it only taste or in any reasons behind it?

Food helps us to grow, to give energy, to be healthy.

These  useful substances in food that provide you all these three are called  Nutrients.They are different types nutrients are present in food we can also call them components of food.

Carbohydrates  and fats gives us energy to work and play. 

Rice, wheat, sweet potato, pluses, sugar, bananas have plentsy of carbohydrates.

Proteins help us to grow and to build and repair the worn out cells in our body. Proteins helps in healing small wounds and cuts. There are called Body building food.

EXAMPLES:

Milk

Egg

Meat

Pulses

Beans

Fish

Panner 

These food items are rich in proteins.

Fats are found in oil, ghee, nuts and cheese. They us more energy than carbohydrates and also keep our body warm. Fats stored food in our body.

EXAMPLES:

Groundnuts

Coconut oil

Vegetable oil

Olive oil

Nut

Excess of fat food contains –obesity.

Who will protect our body from enemies?

Do you know a type Nutritious food that protect our body from enemies.

Vitamins and Minerals. Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases. They also keep our eyes, bones teeth and gums healthy. Our body needs vitamin A, B, C, D.

Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy. Vitamin C helps body to fight against many diseases. Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth.

Minerals are required in small amounts in our body. They are essential for proper growth of body and for maintaining good health.

Each one is essential Besides these nutrients, our body needs dietary fibres and water. Dietary fibres are also known as roughage. Roughage is mainly provided by plant products in our foods. Whole grains and pulses, potatoes, fresh fruits and vegetables are main sources of roughage.

Roughage does not provide any nutrient to our body, but is an essential component of our food and adds to its bulk. This helps our body get rid of undigested food. Plants foods contain a lot of fibre or roughage that helps to get rid of waste from the body.

Water helps our body to absorb nutrients from food. It also helps in throwing out some wastes from body as urine and sweat. 

Normally, we get most of the water that our body needs from the liquids we drink — such as water, milk and tea.

The food we normally eat in a day is our diet. For growth and maintenance of good health, our diet should have all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities.

Not too much of one and not too little of the other. The diet should also contain a good amount of roughage and water. Such a diet is called a balanced diet.

Pulses, groundnut, soybean, sprouted seeds (moong and Bengal gram), fermented foods.

South Indian foods such as idlis, a combination of flours (missi roti, thepla made from cereals and pulses), banana, spinach, sattu, jaggery, available vegetables and other such foods provide many nutrients. Therefore, one can eat a balanced diet without expensive food materials.

Eating the right kind of food is not enough. It should also be cooked properly so that its nutrients are not lost.

Are you aware that some nutrients get lost in the process of cooking and preparations? may result in the loss of some vitamins.

The skins of many vegetables and fruits contain vitamins and minerals. Similarly, repeated washing of rice and pulses may remove some vitamins and minerals present in them.

We all know that cooking improves the taste of food and makes it easier to digest. At the same time, cooking also results in the loss of certain nutrients. Many useful proteins and considerable amounts of minerals are lost if excess water is used during cooking and is then thrown away.

Vitamin C gets easily destroyed by heat during cooking. Would it not be sensible to include some fruits and raw vegetables in our diet?

THANKYOU,

NANDITHA

THE WORLD IS IN MY HOME-(TEXT)

THE WORLD IS IN MY HOME

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

CBSE-IV

Once again, everybody in Marietta’s family is quarrelling over watching the TV – just like they do every day! Marietta’s brother wants to watch a cricket match while little

Susan is eager to watch her favourite programme of song’s. Mummy and Aunty are good friends but their favourite TV programmes are different.

Mummy likes to watch the news while Aunty enjoys a TV serial. Marietta wants to watch cartoons and Daddy enjoys the football match. 

He says that he can watch TV only in the evening. Finally, everyone had to watch the football match.

Why the Difference? Why the Difference?

It is 7 o’clock in the evening. Pratibha is hurrying home from her friend’s house. Her brothers Sandeep and Sanjay are busy playing round the corner with their friends.

They are in no hurry to go home. Even if they are late, nobody will scold them. Pratibha thinks that this is not fair. Why should there be one rule for her and another for her brothers? But what can she do?

Pilloo Aunty

One day, Pilloo Aunty took Phali and Nazu and their friends to the beach. What a good time they had! They played in sand and water, and then went for a ride on the Giant wheel.

After that they ate bhelpuri and bought balloons. Then everybody enjoyed some icy cold kulfi. When the kulfi-seller asked for money, he made a mistake. He charged for five kulfis instead of seven.

The children thought, “Hurrah! We have saved money.” But Pilloo Aunty paid the money for seven kulfis to the kulfiseller.

What Should I Do? What Should I Do?

Akshay loves his grandmother very much. She loves him dearly too. She talks to him about many interesting things. Anil is Akshay’s friend. His grandmother likes Anil too, but one thing that she tells Akshay again and again is that he should never eat or drink anything at Anil’s house – not even a glass of water! “They are very different from our family,” she says.

One day there was a volleyball match in the big ground near Anil’s house. It was a hot day and everybody was tired and thirsty after the match. Anil invited everybody home.

Anil’s mother gave water to all of them, and they drank it. When Anil handed Akshay a glass of water, he suddenly remembered his grandmother’s warning. Akshay stared at Anil, not knowing what to do.

Who will Decide? Who will Decide?

Dhondu comes from a very large family. His elder uncle looks after the family – their fields, money matters, etc. He decides about all the small and big things for the family.

Dhondu has always worked in the fields. But now, he wants to do something different. He would like to borrow some money from a bank and buy a chakki machine to grind grain.

There is no such machine in their village. Dhondu is confident that this new work will help him earn more money for his family. Father has agreed to let him try the new work. But his elder uncle is not agreeing to this.

These examples reflect some situations that we face in our daily life. These often affect us in different ways.

I Don’t Like It! I Don’t Like It! Meena and Ritu were going home after playing hopscotch. 

“Come on, come to my house,” pleaded Meena, pulling Ritu by the hand.

“Is your Uncle at home? If he is, I will not come,” Ritu answered. “But why do you say that? Uncle likes you. He was saying – bring your friend Ritu home and I will give both of you lots of chocolate.”

Ritu pulled her hand away from Meena saying, “I am scared of your Uncle. I do not like it when he even touches my hand.” Saying this, Ritu went home.

Some children may have similar experiences as Ritu did. It will help to build their confidence and feeling of support, if children can discuss this in class.

In case you feel the need, you could talk individually with some of the children. If there is a counsellor in the school, you could take their help.You may be very careful and sensitive to deal with children if they wish to share problems related to drug addiction of their family members. The harmful effects of drugs/ narcotics may be discussed in the class. Such issues should also be discussed in the inservice training programmes.

It may be possible that children from such families (Drug addicted members) may fall victim to such habits/practices. A timely action needs to be taken to prevent them. On this theme, charts and posters can be prepared by the children with the support of teachers and discuss in the class.

THANK YOU,

NANDITHA