Friday, February 26, 2016

AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION-TEXT



Organisms which exhibit autotrophic nutrition are 
called Autotrophs. These organisms are able to synthesise their nutrients from simple inorganic compounds.


They require minerals, water and carbon dioxide for their growth. They are capable of converting carbon dioxide into various complex organic compounds.



However, they require energy for this purpose. Depending on how they obtain the energy for converting carbon dioxide to organic compounds, there are two types of autotrophs photoautotroph and chemoautotroph.


PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC ORGANISMS: 
Several bacteria(such as green bacteria, purple bacteria and cyanobacterial) can use light as a source of energy and synthesise complex organic molecules.



Similarly, All the algae and higher plants use light as source of energy. These autotrophic organisms are called photoautotrophic organisms
(photo=light.)


These organisms have special pigments is their body to trap the light energy which drives other reactions.


CHAEMOAUTOTROPHIC ORGANISMS: 
Second group of autotrophs are chemoautotrophs. These organisms obtain energy by oxidizing simple inorganic compounds. 


Such as hydrogen, iron containing compounds, sulphur, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, nitrite, and other nitrogen containingcompounds. However, all these organisms require carbon dioxide as a source of carbon atoms.


THANKYOU,


Autotrophic, Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Nutrition -TEXT



All the living organisms require a continuous supply of carbon containing compounds(also called principal carbon) for growth and for building their body structures


Energy is also required to maintain their daily activities and it is derived by oxidizing either organic or inorganiccompounds. Chemical compounds required for body building and for energy production are called nutrients. Intake of nutrients into the body by an organism is called nutrition.



Nutrients may be very simple or very complexinorganic or organic compounds. Different organisms require different types of nutrients


For example, several bacteria can survive with a supply of few inorganic salts. Plants use water and carbon dioxide and synthesize carboncompounds like carbohydrates. 


They also use simple nitrogen and sulphur containing compounds to synthesize complex molecules required for their growth. In contrast, amino acids, fatty acids and vitamins for their survival.


They do not have the capacity to synthesise several chemical compounds required for their growth. They depend on other organisms for the supply of these nutrients.


All the nutrients required by an organism are usually obtained through the food they consume. Hence, several times, intake and utilization of food is considered to be similar to nutrition.


Differentorganisms use different methods to obtain their nutrients, especially of carbon source. Autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic nutrition are three modes by which organisms obtain their principal source of carbon.




Monday, February 8, 2016

DEFICIENCY DISEASES-ACTIVITY


DEFICIENCY DISEASES- TEXT



A person may be getting enough food to eat, but sometimes the food may not contain a particular nutrient. If this continues over a long period of time, the person may suffer from its deficiency.

 
A large number of people in the world are suffering from malnourished. They eat much less than their bodies requires. If this continues for along period, they may suffer from malnutrition. As result of malnutrition they suffer from many deficiency.


Deficiency of one or more nutrients can cause diseases or disorders in our body. Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients over a long period are called deficiencydiseases.


If a person does not get enough proteins in his/her food for a long time, he/she is likely to have stunted growth, swelling of face, discolouration of hair, skin diseases and diarrhoea.


Marasmus is caused due to deficiency of carbohydrates in food. The deficinciy of marasmus the skin gets dry and wrinkle. Manily it affects to children below the age of one year.


Ber-Beri is caused due to deficiency of vitamin b. mainly it effects the nerves and muscles of the body. It reduces heavy weight loss. The patient stomach might be disturbed as well.


Kwashirokar is caused in the of proteins and carbohydrates in the children.it affects mainly after the breast feeding is stopped and results in improper growth.For this Kwashirokar the child gets swelling of legs, stomach and face also occur. Sometimes the liver gets enlarged. It appear discoloration of hair and seen patches on the skin.


Night blindness is caused mainly the deficiency of vitamin A in food causes night blindness. A person who is suffering from nightblidness cannot see properly in dim light. It may lead to complete blindness also.


Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of iron in the body. It decreases the level of haemoglobin in the blood. An aneamic persons gets tired quicly, loos pale, loses appetite, has dark circles under the eyes.


Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C . In scurvy there we have swollen and bleeding gums can be seen on the body.


Goiter is caused due to defency of iodine . it effects the thyroid gland in the throat ans swell up. It also effects the hysical and mental growth in children.


Rickets is caused by the deficiency of vitaminD. In this diseases the bones become soft and many times it leads to deformities or factures like bow shaped legs.


If the diet is deficient in both carbohydrates and proteins for a long period of time, the growth may stop completely. Such a person becomes very lean and thin and so weak that he/she may not even be able to move. Deficiency of different vitamins and minerals may also result in certain diseases or disorders.


Food items rich in Nutrients:

So we need to have a little of all kinds of food every day to get all the Nutrients and roughage etc.This type of diet is called A balanced diet.


A balanced diet should contains 50% carbohydrate, 35%fats, 12%protiens, 3%  vitamins and minerals and sufficient  amount of  water. 



DEFICIENCY DISEASES - CBSE VI