EATING TOGETHER-(TEXT)

EATING TOGETHER

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

CBSE-IV

The school reopened today after the vacations. The children share news about how they spent their holidays. “When did you put mehendi on your palms?” Meena asked Aarti. “At my uncle’s wedding,” Aarti said.

“You must have had a lot of fun at the wedding,” David said. “Oh, yes! I enjoyed the wedding feasts the most,” Aarti said. “At the wedding, we had fun with all my cousins and other relatives eating and doing everything together.” Aarti said,

“Why don’t we do something like this in school? Let us also have some fun together.” Rehana asked.

“ I have an idea,” David said. “Why don’t we have a class party ? Then we can also eat and have fun together. We have parties in our colony whenever there is a festival.

We collect money from everyone for theparty. We cook some dishes and buy other things from the market,” Rehana said.

Reena said, “We don’t need a festival to have a party. Saturday is half-day. Why don’t we plan to have our party then?” Everyone in the class decided what each would bring for the party.

On Saturday the children really enjoyed their party. There was so much variety in food. They played so many games. Everybody was so relaxed. There was singing and dancing too. They decided that they would have such a party again.

A class party is a good opportunity to get children to eat together. Children can also be encouraged to prepare songs, dances and plays for the party.

Celebrating Bihu

Sonmoni woke up early and ran to meet her friends Tanvir, Fatima and

Mazani. Today was a special day in Assam. The new rice crop had been

harvested. The village was celebrating the festival of Bihu. The four friends sang and chatted happily as they made the Bhela Ghar.

Let us read how they celebrated Bihu:

Sonmoni – Hurry up ! We must finish making the Bhela Ghar of grass and bamboo before the feast tonight. Tanvir Yes, today is Uruka. The whole village will eat together.

Fatima – Have they started preparing the feast? Sonmoni – Yes, everyone has contributed money to buy the bora rice, fire wood, bamboo and Mezi. Hariya and Bhadiya have not given money, but they are helping with all the work.

Fatima – What about the meat, fish and vegetables? Sonmoni – Some people have gone to market to buy all these things. The bora rice has been soaked. The whole village is busy making pitha.

Some people are cooking and some are roasting the sweet potatoes. Some will help to serve the food at night. In the evening, everyone will be served tea and pitha.

Uruka is the evening before Bihu. Bora and Cheva are the common varieties of rice used in Assam. These are ‘sticky’ rice. Encourage children to locate Assam on the map.

Tanvir – I am waiting to eat the cheva rice that we will get at the feast. I really love it. Fatima – How will the cheva rice be prepared?

Sonmoni – They will light a fire and boil the water in the big tao (a big vessel). On this vessel, they will put the Kadhahi containing soaked rice and cover it with banana leaves. After some time, the cheva rice will be cooked and ready to eat.

The Bhela Ghar was ready. The four friends ran off to change their clothes. Soon all the people in the village got together at one place. The women were dressed in yellow. They wore beautiful mekhalachador.

Sonmoni and her friends ran to the Bhela Ghar. The drums started to play and everyone started to sing and dance.

The Bhela Ghar was set alight as people danced around it. Everyone danced till they were tired.

Then they all sat down on the ground in rows and ready to eat. The food was served on banana leaves. Everyone enjoyed the feast.

Mazani: Sonmoni! We should go and sleep now. We have to get up early tomorrow to light the Mezi.

Mid-day Meal

It is almost one o’clock in the afternoon. The smell of food cooking is coming from the verandah and our stomachs are rumbling. We are so hungry, we are not able to pay attention to the lesson in class.

Ding, Ding, Ding… at last, now the bell rung! All the children ran out and went to wash their hands. Master Moshai sent all the children to the handpump at the corner of the courtyard.

“Anondo, see that everyone washes their hands properly,” he called. After washing our hands, we all stood in queue to take our food. Some had their own boxes, and others had plates.

Then we all sat down in a circle with our food. Before we started to eat, we sang together We play together, we eat together. For the good of everyone, we will always be together.

Today there is bhat-shukto (rice with vegetable and gravy) in our meal. Yesterday, we had luchi and chhola-dal. Outside Didi Moni’s room, a list of food items has been displayed. It tells what we will get every day of the week. Would it not be wonderful if on some days we got an extra treat – maybe something sweet!

There is another interesting thing about lunch time at school. Everyday we change our places in the circle and sit next to a different child. I really like this because I can meet new children and make new friends.

The food was not always very nice. Sometimes, rice was of poor quality, sometimes, it was not properly cooked. Some parents did not like their children to eat such food.

Didi Moni explained to them it was everyone’s duty to make sure that the children got fresh, hot and properly cooked food. Also make sure that every child gets afternoon meal regularly.

The parents also decided to help. Now things are better. We eat fresh, hot and properly cooked food together. The younger children sometimes cannot finish all the food, but my friends and I are sometimes still a little hungry even after we eat.

Now adays many schools give food in school during the day. It was not always like this. When my didi was in the primary school, children did not get afternoon meal in school. Some children come to school in the morning without eating anything. Imagine! Having to study on an empty stomach!

 THANKYOU,

NANDITHA

ABDUL IN THE GARDEN-(TEXT)

ABDUL IN THE GARDEN

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

CBSE-IV

It was a holiday. Abdul was helping his Abbu in the garden. Abbu was clearing the dried leaves and grass from the vegetable beds. Abdul started to pull out the grass from one of the beds.

He found that it was not easy to pull out even the small grass. His hands became red by the effort. In trying to pull out grass,

Abdul knocked down a stick that was supporting the pea plant. The delicate stem of the pea plant broke.

Abbu said, “Why are you pulling the grass? The roots of the grass are strong. You will have to dig them out.” Abdul carefully dug out the plant.

He then saw that the roots of the grass plant were longer and much more spread out than the part of the plant above the ground. The stick which was stuck in the ground fell very easily. It was difficult to pull out a small grass.

Imagine how deep and spread out the roots of these are. Most of the plants have the same basic parts. Each parts has its own work to do. These parts work together and keep the plant alive.

A plant can be divided into two parts.they are shoot and root. The part of the plant which is above the soil is called the shoot. The part of the plant that grow under the soil is called the root.

Children you cannot see it above the ground. Some plants have a thick main root below the stem. It goes deep into the soil.

Several thinner side roots grow from the main root. Such root are taproots. Examples are baslsam, hibiscus, bean and mustrard have tap roots.

Grass has no main root. It has a number of tiny roots attached to the end of the stem. It looks like abunch of roots these are called fibrous roots.

Let us see wat orrts do?

If a plant didn’t have roots, they become unsteady and fall. Roots fix a plant firmly to the soil.

Plants need water and salts from the soil. Roots take these and send them up to the stem and leaves. Roots of some plants such as carrot, radish and beetrrot, store the food prepared by the plant.

After three days, Abdul saw that one broken part of the pea plant had dried. Guess which part would have dried up? Why ? Abbu remembered that he had to send some radish home. He started to pull the radish out of the soil.

Abdul wondered whether these were also roots. Only a few radish were pulled when there was suddenly a strong wind and rain. Both of them picked up the radish and ran. They had just reached home when a branch of the neem tree in the courtyard broke and fell.

In fact, Abbu was lucky to have missed by only a few inches. Despite the strong wind the tree remained firm on the ground. They both sat down to have tea with Ammi .

Abbu said to Abdul, “The plants were getting dry. Now that it has rained, we will not have to water the plants. We can now sit and play ludo.”

Nowadays Abdul keeps thinking about all kinds of plants that he sees. Abdul saw a plant growing out of a wall in school. He wondered.

Plants absorb water through their entire surface – roots, stems and leaves. However, the majority of water is absorbed by root hairs. They are in close contact with the thin film of water surrounding the soil particles.

The cell wall of the root hair is permeable to water and minerals, Because of this osmosis occurs and the water is absorbed by the root hairs through cell membranes from the soil.

Abdul saw a huge tree that had fallen on the roadside. He remembered the neem tree in his courtyard. He could see some of its broken roots.

Unusual Roots

Have you swung from a banyan tree? What did you hold to swing? What looks like the hanging branches are actually the roots of the tree. These grow down from the branches until they reach the ground. These roots are like pillars that provide strong support to the tree.

The banyan tree also has roots under the ground, just as other trees have.

There is a law against cutting trees. There was a tree growing close to a lamp post. The tree was so full of leaves that the light of the bulb was blocked.

People felt that the branches of the tree needed to be trimmed. Before they do this, they need to take written permission from the government office.

Desert Oak is a tree that is found in Australia. It grows almost as tall as your classroom wall. It has very few leaves. Guess how deep its roots go down? Imagine the length of about 30 such trees laid down in a line end to end, one after another.

That is how long the roots of this tree can be. These roots go deep into the ground till they reach water. This water is stored in the tree trunk.

When there was no water in the desert, the local people use to put a thin pipe into the trunk of the tree, to drink this water.

THANK YOU,

NANDITHA